5/2/2024 0 Comments Higgins india ink msdsSwarming motility is the coordinated group movement of bacterial cells that are propelled by their flagella through thin liquid films on surfaces 1. The most commonly studied motility mode in such a three-phase assay is known as swarming. Accordingly, the outcome of any particular surface motility assay, demands careful control of the interface of three phases: the local environmental solid surface, liquid environment, and gas environment properties. A subset of useful surface motility plate assays further involve a gas phase-typically room air. Some motility phenotypes can be researched in the laboratory using plate assays that are affected by the liquid environment associated with the semi-solid plate assay composition. Many bacteria move on surfaces using various means of self-propulsion. We further demonstrate the ability of our method to track competing swarming species in the same experiment. We specifically demonstrate our method using bacteria that express fluorescent or bioluminescent genetic reporters like green fluorescent protein (GFP), luciferase ( lux operon), or cellular stains to enable time-lapse optical imaging. We include guidelines to circumvent the challenges commonly associated with swarm assay media preparation and quantification of data from these assays. Here we detail a versatile two-phase protocol to prepare and image swarm assays. An additional challenge in assessing swarming is how to quantify observed differences between any two (or more) experiments. “Wettability”, or water content at the liquid-solid-air interface of these plate assays, is often a key variable to be controlled. Especially for more “temperate swarmers” that exhibit motility only within agar ranges of 0.4%-0.8% (wt/vol), minor changes in protocol or laboratory environment can greatly influence swarm assay results. Reproducibility of swarm plate and other surface motility plate assays can be a major challenge. The preparation of such explicit media and surface growth conditions serves to provide the favorable conditions that allow not just bacterial growth but coordinated motility of bacteria over these surfaces within thin liquid films. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.Bacterial surface motility, such as swarming, is commonly examined in the laboratory using plate assays that necessitate specific concentrations of agar and sometimes inclusion of specific nutrients in the growth medium. Water spray may be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool until they can be evacuated. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire or explosion.įire Fighting : Wear full protective equipment and a self contained Equipments breathing apparatus with the full face covering operated in the pressure demand mode. Hazardous Combustion Products : Oxides of carbon and noxious fumes.Įxplosion Hazards : Above flash point, vapor to air mixtures are flammable if within the flammable limits noted above. Vapour can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back.Įxtinguishing Media : Carbon Dioxide, Dry Chemical Foam and Water Spray.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |